Abstract

Abstract
The dominance of the car-oriented policies in the urban planning and transportation system of the metropolises of the country has led to various policies such as unnecessary widening, constructing mega-projects, building tunnels, making highways in two or more layers, and building parks. Large-scale and sometimes inconsistent with the fabric in the centers and urban areas. which has many direct and indirect consequences at the level of the whole city and especially in their neighboring areas.
With the introduction of sustainable development approaches, a significant increase in social-cultural and environmental sensitivities, and the addition of non-economic and non-physical criteria to economic cost-benefit analyzes in urban decision-making, a comprehensive approach of impact assessment has been proposed as an effective tool in the direction of realizing urban sustainability. Comprehensive assessment requires designing a model and defining criteria and operational indicators for assessing the situation. These criteria, with the emphasis of this research on comprehensiveness in assessment, are defined in different dimensions including socio-cultural, economic, physical-traffic, legal and institutional, health and hygiene, security, environmental and political. A conceptual and operational model consisting of criteria and indicators was organized and designed through the meta-synthesis of documents and texts as well as in-depth interviews, and it was used as the criterion for assessment.
Imam Ali and Sayad Shirazi highways are the main elements connecting the northern to the central and southern areas of the city in the network structure of Tehran. The consequence of the construction of these mega-projects, due to the exposure of different traditional and of course dense and impenetrable communities and areas with different characteristics in terms of scale, volume and scope, is significant and requires integrated research. Therefore, this research is within the framework of a comprehensive and integrated assessment methodology and with the authority of quasi-experimental research method based on statistical and spatial data related to before and after highway intervention in the intervention and control areas, tries to identify the consequences of these crossings on the surrounding areas, with an emphasis on the region. 7  Tehran.
Finally, after validating the results through social surveys and field visits and its systemic analysis through the DPSIR method, it provides solutions to mitigate or compensate for the negative consequences and strengthen its positive consequences on the city. As research results, the updated strategic issues in para-highway areas are: physical fragmentation and the reduction of inter-neighborhood accessibility, especially in the area of ​​the Sayad Shirazi highway, at the same time as the facilitation of extra-regional access, car-oriented and ignoring human needs and the exclusivity of the highway space to car owners, social anomies caused by the defenseless spaces near the highway, especially in the area of ​​the Imam Ali highway due to the difference in level and the absence of an observer and the creation of defenseless and abandoned spaces due to the release of parts.
The destruction and inefficiency of service spaces and the loss of quality of life and livability, the loss of investment and urban reputation in the areas near the highway, the loss of identity and the disintegration of local communities, the forced relocation of the population and business, and the intensified noise, visual, air pollution, and endangering public health.